Labor

General

  • Arnowitz, Stanley. False Promises: The Shaping of American Working Class Consciousness. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973.

  • Ayer, Hugh J. “Hoosier Labor in the Second World War.” Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, 1957.

  • Brody, David. Steelworkers in America: The Nonunion Era. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1960.

  • Bernstein, Irving. Turbulent Years: A History of the American Worker, 1933-1941. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970.

  • Cizon, Frank A., for Lake County, Indiana Department of Public Welfare and Loyola University. “Socio-Cultural Characteristics of AFDC Recipients.” Lake County, Indiana Department of Public Welfare, 1965.

  • Comstock, Loren J. “The W.P.A. in the Indiana.” Masters’ thesis, Butler University, 1963.

  • Erickson, Ethel. Women’s Employment in the Making of Steel, 1943. Bulletin 192-5. Women’s Bureau, U.S., Department of Labor. Washington, D.C., 1944.

  • Harris, Herbert. Labor’s Civil War. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1940.

  • Illinois Steel Company. Plan of Employee Representation, Gary Works. Gary, 1934. GPL.

  • Levinson, Edward. Labor on the March. New York: University Books, 1938, 1956.

  • Lynd, Alice and Staughton, eds. Rank and File: Personal Histories of Working Class Organizers. Boston: Beacon Press, 1973.

  • Taylor, Graham R. Satellite Cities: A Study of Industrial Suburbs. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1915.

  • Taylor, Paul S. Mexican Labor in the United States: Chicago and the Calumet Region. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1932.

  • Tuttle, William M., Jr. “Labor Conflict and Racial Violence: The Black Worker in Chicago, 1894-1919,” Labor History 10 (1969):408.

  • U.S., Works Progress Administration and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. State, County and Municipal Survey, Employment and Payroll, 1929 through 1938. The City of Gary and Lake County, Indiana. Washington, D.C., 1941.

  • Weiss, Janet. “Industrial Relations in the Calumet Region.” Master’s thesis, University of Chicago, 1937.

Workers and Working Conditions

  • Bernstein, Irving. The Lean Years: A History of the American Worker, 1920-1933. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960.

  • Bloomberg, Warner, Jr. “Gary’s Industrial Workers as Full Citizens,” Commentary 18 (September, 1954):202.

  • Buder, Stanley. Pullman: An Experiment in Industrial Order and community Planning, 1880-1930. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.

  • D’Agostino, Therese. “Women as Steelworkers,” Political Affairs 55 (May, 1976):11.

  • Fitch, John A., for Charles M. Cabot. Hours of Labor in the Steel Industry. Pamphlet. [Boston, 1912].

  • Foner, Philip S. History of the Labor Movement in the United States. 2 Vols. New York: International Publishers, 1969.

  • Gary Sheet Mill Employees Relief Association. Regulations and By-Laws. Gary, 1928. GPL.

  • Haig, R. M. “The Unearned Increment in Gary,” Political Science Quarterly 32 (1917):80.

  • Neill, Charles P., commissioner of labor, for U.S. Department of Labor. Report on Conditions of Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States. 4 vols. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1911-1913.

  • Sweeney, Vincent D. The United Steelworkers of America: Twenty Years Later, 1936-1956. N.p., 1956.

  • U.S., Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wage and Hours of Labor in the Iron and Steel Industries, 1907-1915. Washington, D.C., 1917.

  • U.S., Department of Labor. Wages and Hours of Labor in the Iron and Steel Industry. 2 vols. Washington, D.C., 1924, 1925, 1927, 1930.

  • U.S. Steel Corporation. Bulletin of Bureau of Safety, Sanitation, and Welfare. Bulletins 1-8, 10. New York: U.S. Steel Corp., 1908-1924.

  • Walker, Charles Rumford. Steel: The Diary of a Furnace Worker. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1922.

  • Wolters, Raymond. “Section 7(a) and the Black Worker,” Labor History 10 (1969):459.

Employment- Areas and Patterns

  • Cavnes, Max Parvin. The Hoosier Community at War. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1961.

  • Davis, Donald L.; Miles, Lillian; and Miles, Becky. “Historical Analysis of Employment in the Gary- Hammond- East Chicago Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area by Industrial Sector, 1970 to 1980,” Indiana Business Review 56 (April, 1981):10.

  • Erickson, Ethel. Women’s Employment in the Making of Steel, 1943. Bulletin, 192-5. Washington, D.C.: Women’s Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor, 1944.

  • Gary Fair Employment Practice Commission. Annual Report, 1951-.

  • Gordon, John R. and Quinn, Thomas R., for Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University. Profile of Employment and Income and Indiana. West Lafayette, 1973.

  • Indiana Employment Security Division. “Fifty Selected Occupations, Lake and Porter Counties.” Mimeographed. Indianapolis, 1971.

  • Indiana Employment Security Division. “Labor Market Planning Information for Annual Program Planning: Gary- Hammond- East Chicago Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area,” Indiana Labor Market Letter. Indianapolis: Indiana State Employment Service, 1982.

  • Indiana Employment Security Division, Research and Statistics Section. Indiana’s Interim Manpower Projections, 1970-1980: Region 1-14. Indianapolis, 1974.

  • Indiana Employment Security Division, Research and Statistics Section Indiana Labor Market Profile of Economic Region 1. Indianapolis, 1977.

  • Lake County Department of Public Welfare, Citizen’s Committee. Study of Personnel Practices. Gary, 1940, 1941.

  • Lake County Economic Opportunity Council, Inc. “Annual Report.” Mimeographed. Gary, 1965-.

  • Lake- Porter County Regional Transportation and Planning Commission. “Application for the 1968 Work Program Toward a Regional Comprehensive Plan.” Mimeographed. Crown Point, 1967.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Background for the Economic Component of the Comprehensive Regional Plan. Highland, 1975.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission Growth Forecasting: 1980, 1990 and the Year 2000 Population and Employment Forecasts for Northwestern Indiana. Highland, 1975.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Growth Forecasting: Regional Population and Employment Forecasts for Northwestern Indiana. Highland, 1975.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Growth Forecasting Review of Allocation Models for Population and Employment Forecasting. Highland, 1975.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Growth Forecasting: Small Area Demographic and Employment Data for the Allocation of Regional Forecasts. Highland, 1975.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. Growth Forecasting: Small Area Population and Employment Forecasts for Northwestern Indiana: Summary Report. Highland, 1975.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission -. Growth Monitoring: Employment by Place of Work. Highland, 1975.

  • Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission. “Occupational and Demographic Characteristics of Unemployed Labor Force in Northwestern Indiana.” Mimeographed. Highland, 1975.

  • Scharlatch, Wes, for Lake County Community Development Committee. “The Employment Trend by Industry Group in the Lake- Porter County Economy.” Mimeographed. Crown Point, 1968.

  • Scharlach, Wes, for Lake County Development Commission. “Personal Income; Northwestern Indiana.” Mimeographed. Crown Point, 1969.

Unions

  • Bork, William Hal. “The Memorial Day Massacre of 1937 and its Significance in the Unionization of the Republic Steel Corporation.” Masters’ thesis, University of Illinois, 1975.

  • Brooks, Robert R. R. As Steel Goes: Unionism in a Basic Industry. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1940.

  • Cayton, Horace R. and Mitchell, George S. Black Workers and the New Unions. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1939.

  • Galeson, Walter. The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of the American Labor Movement, 1935-1941. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1960.

  • Galeson, Walter. “The Unionization of the American Steel Industry,” International Review of Social History 1 (1956):8.

  • Garraty, John. “The United States Steel Corporation Versus Labor: The Early Years,” Labor History 1 (1960):3.

  • Harkison, Frederick H. and Spencer, Robert C. “Collective Bargaining: A Postwar Record in Steel,” American Political Science Review 48 (1954):75.

  • Lake County Central Labor Union. Official Program, 49th Annual Convention… 1933, at Gary, Indiana. Gary, 1933.

  • Lorwin, Lewis L. and Flexner, Jean A. The American Federation of Labor: History, Policies, and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1933.

  • Lynd, Staughton. “Guerilla History in Gary,” Liberation 14 (October, 1969):17.

  • Lynd, Staughton ., ed. “Personal Histories of the Early CIO,” Radical America 4 (May- June, 1970):49.

  • Lynd, Staughton. Rank and File: Personal Histories of Working Class Organizers. Boston: Beacon Press, 1973.

  • Newell, Barbara W. Chicago and the Labor Movement: Metropolitan Unionism in the 1930’s. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, 1961.

  • O’Connor, Harvey. History of Oil Workers International Union (CIO). Denver: [OWIU (CIO)], 1950.

  • Peterson, Florence. American Labor Unions: What They are and How They Work. New York: Harper, 1952.

  • Rees, Albert. “Wage- Price Relations in Basic Steel Industry, 1945- 1948,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 6 (1953):195.

  • Rothbaum, Melvin. The Government of the Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers Union. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1962.

  • Stolberg, Benjamin. The Story of the CIO. New York: Viking Press, 1938.

  • Sweeney, Vincent D. United Steel Workers of America: Twenty Years Later, 1936-1956. Pittsburgh: N.p., 1956.

  • Taft, Philip. The A.F. of L. From the Death of Gompers to the Merger. New York: Harper, 1959.

  • Taft, Philip. The A.F. of L. in the Time of Gompers. New York: Harper, 1957.

  • Ulman, Lloyd. “The Union and Wages in the Basic Steel: A Comment,” American Economic Review 48 (1958):408.

  • United Steelworkers Education Department. Then and Now: The Road Between- The Story of the United Steelworkers of America. Pittsburgh, 1974.

  • Walsh, J. Raymond. C.I.O.: Industrial Unionism in Action. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1937.

  • Waywood, Mark. “Hammond Local 210: The Calumet’s Voice in Oil, 1933-1940.” Unpublished paper, Purdue University NorthwestSpecial Collections, 1978.

  • Zivich Edward. “Fighting Union: The CIO at Inland Steel, 1936-1942.” Master’s thesis, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee, 1972.

Strikes

  • Brody, David. Labor in Crisis: The Steel Strike of 1919. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1965.

  • Cawardine, William H. The Pullman Strike. Chicago: C.H. Kerr, 1894; 4th ed., Chicago: C.H Kerr, for Illinois Labor History Society, 1971.

  • Davis, Horace B. Labor and Steel. New York: International Publishers, 1933.

  • Foster, William Z. The Great Steel Strike and Its Lessons. New York: Huebsch, 1920. Repr. New York: Arno Press, 1969.

  • Gary, Elbert H. Statement of Elbert H. Gary: Testimony before the Committee on Education and Labor of the United States Senate Investigation of the Steel Strike, October 1 and 2, 1919. N.p., 1919.

  • Gorman, Patricia. Strike: The Clash at Highland and Columbia Streets, September 19, 1919. Hammond: Hammond Historical Society, 1974.

  • Interchurch World Movement. Public Opinion and the Steel Strike. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1921.

  • Interchurch World Movement, Commission of Inquiry. Report on the Steel Strike of 1919. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Howe, 1920.

  • Klein, Paul L. “Gary School Strike,” Nation 165 (October 4, 1947):335.

  • Maloney, James H. “To Strike at Steel: Gary, Indiana, and the Great Steel Strike of 1919.” Bachelor’s thesis, Harvard University, 1972.

  • Manning, Thomas G. The Chicago Strike of 1894: Industrial labor in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Holt, 1960.

  • Mohl, Raymond A. “The Great Steel Strike of 1919 in Gary, Indiana: Working- Class Radicalism or Trade union Militancy?” Mid-America 5 (1981):36.

  • Morris, James O. Conflict within the AFL: A Study of Craft vs. Industrial Unionism, 1901-1938. Ithaca: Cornell University, 1958.

  • Olds, Marshall. Analysis of the Interchurch World Movement Report on the Steel Strike. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1923.

  • Taylor, Graham R. “A Gary, Some Impressions and Interviews,” The Survey 43 (November 8, 1920):65.

  • Tyler, Robert L. “The Little Steel Strike of 1937 in Indiana: An Episode in the Continuing Conflict over a Philosophy of Labor Relations,” Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences New Series 2, 6 (1957): 113.

  • U.S. Senate. Investigation of the Strike in the Steel Industries: Hearing before the Committee on Education and Labor. Washington, D.C., 1919.

  • U.S. Strike Commission. Report on the Chicago Strike of June- July, 1894. Washington, D.C., 1895.

  • Vorse, Mary Heaton. Man and Steel. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1920.